Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could improve diabetic intracavernosal pressure / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete various cytokines with angiogenic and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) on diabetes-related intracavernosal pressure (ICP) impairment in rats. hWJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and transplanted into the corpus cavernosum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by unilateral injection. The erectile function was evaluated at 4 weeks, as well as the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). STZ-induced diabetic rats showed impaired ICP, which was significantly improved by hWJ-MSC treatment. VEGF, eNOS, IGF1, and bFGF expression levels were higher in hWJ-MSC injection sites than those in control ones in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that hWJ-MSC transplantation might improve diabetic erectile dysfunction through increased production of paracrine growth factors, highlighting a novel potential therapeutic option for erectile dysfunction.

Effect of electroacupuncture and pretreatment of electroacupuncture on pain sensitization and expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the occurrence time of neuralgia and the expression of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetic rats, and to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and pretreatment of EA on the heat pain threshold and expression of P2X7R in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), and to explore the possible mechanism of EA for DNP.@*METHODS@#PartⅠ: Thirty male SD rats were randomly selected from 64 male SD rats as the control group; the remaining rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model, and 30 rats were successfully modeled as the model group. The control group and the model group were divided into three subgroups respectively at 7, 14 and 21 days, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and thermal pain threshold were recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days after injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot. PartⅡ: Eight SD rats were randomly selected from 35 male SD rats as the blank group, and the remaining 27 rats were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ (10 mg/mL) at a dose of 65 mg/kg to establish the diabetes model. The 24 rats with successful diabetes model were randomly divided into a DNP group, an EA group and a pre-EA group, 8 rats in each group. Fifteen to 21 days after STZ injection, the EA group received EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60), continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz, 30 min each time, once a day; the intervention method in the pre-EA group was the same as that in the EA group. The intervention time was 8 to 14 days after STZ injection. The body mass, FBG and thermal pain threshold were recorded before STZ injection and 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection; the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot 21 days after injection.@*RESULTS@#PartⅠ: Compared with the control group, in the model group, the body mass was decreased and FBG was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the thermal pain threshold was decreased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), and the expression of P2X7R in spinal dorsal horn was increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05, P<0.01). PartⅡ: Compared with the blank group, in the DNP group, the body mass was decreased and fasting blood glucose were increased 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01). Compared with the DNP group, in the pre-EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 14 and 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.05), while in the EA group, the heat pain threshold was increased 21 days after STZ injection (P<0.01), and the expression of P2X7R in the dorsal horn in the EA group and the pre-EA group was decreased (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The diabetic neuropathic pain is observed 14 days after STZ injection. EA could not only treat but also prevent the occurrence of DNP, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulation of P2X7R expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Effects and mechanism of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in type 2 diabetic rats

OBJECTIVES: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potentially ideal for type 2 diabetes treatment, owing to their multidirectional differentiation ability and immunomodulatory properties. Here we investigated whether the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could treat type 2 diabetic rats, and explored the underlying mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were used to generate a type 2 diabetes model, which received stem cell therapy, HBO therapy, or both together. Before and after treatment, body weight, blood glucose, and serum insulin, blood lipid, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), and urinary proteins were measured and compared. After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed and their organs were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining for insulin and glucagon; apoptosis and proliferation were analyzed in islet cells. Structural changes in islets were observed under an electron microscope. Expression levels of Pdx1, Ngn3, and Pax4 mRNAs in the pancreas were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: In comparison with diabetic mice, those treated with the combination or SHE therapy showed decreased blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum lipids, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased body weight and serum insulin. The morphology and structure of pancreatic islets improved, as evident from an increase in insulin-positive cells and a decrease in glucagon-positive cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining of islet cells revealed the decreased apoptosis index, while Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining showed increased proliferation index. Pancreatic expression of Pdx1, Ngn3, and Pax4 was upregulated. CONCLUSION: SHED combined with HBO therapy was effective for treating type 2 diabetic rats. The underlying mechanism may involve SHED-mediated increase in the proliferation and trans-differentiation of islet β-cells and decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis of islets.

Influence of the use of testosterone associated with physical training on some hematologic and physical parameters in older rats with alloxan-induced diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated the possible blood changes in wistar rats elderly with and without treatment with anabolic steroids submitted physical training. Materials and methods Elderly rats (32) were divided into four groups: normal (N), treated normal (NT), diabetic (D) and treated diabetic (DT). They were submitted to 20 sessions of swimming with overload (5% body weight), 40 min/day for four weeks. The NT and DT groups received application of testosterone twice a week. At the end of the sessions, the animals were subjected to swimming until exhaustion and then killed for removal of blood and visceral fat. We evaluated maximum swim time, weight of visceral fat, erythrogram, leukogram, lipidogram and serum levels of glucose, lactate, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey test. Results In elderly diabetic rats, the use of anabolic associated with physical training in older rats resulted in improvement in erythrogram, lipidogram and physical performance for high-intensity aerobic exercise. However, it was related to changes in leukocyte count, probably associated with inflammation. Conclusion The combination of the use of testosterone with physical training, followed by maximal effort test caused changes hematological and biochemical can be associated with improvement in physiological characteristics, with increase of the swimming time and decrease of visceral fat levels, improvement in aerobic metabolism of fatty acids and glucose in normal and diabetic animals.

Low intensity ultrasound therapy induces angiogenesis and persistent inflammation in the chronic phase of the healing process of third degree burn wounds experimentally induced in diabetic and non-diabetic rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of low intensity ultrasound on the healing process of third degree burn wounds in experimentally induced diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS: One hundred rats were divided into: control group; non-diabetic treated group; diabetic control group; diabetic treated group. The therapy was performed with a 3MHz ultrasound application, pulsed emission at 100Hz frequency, modulated at 20% with a dosage of 0.5W/cm2 during three minutes throughout 30 days. The surgical debridement of the wound was performed once at day 2. The wounds were morphometrically, macroscopically and microscopically evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. RESULTS: The wound contraction and collagen quantification were higher in all treated groups. Macroscopically, necrosis was higher in the diabetic control group. Granulation tissue was higher in treated groups during the proliferative and remodeling phase. Microscopically, there were greater mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, angiogenesis and fibroblast quantification in treated groups during the proliferative and remodeling phases. CONCLUSIONS: therapeutic ultrasound is beneficial in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process because it controlled the necrotic tissue, increased the granulation tissue and wound contraction. However in the remodeling phase it is not beneficial because of the continued angiogenesis and a mononuclear inflammatory infiltration.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic and the Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Jatropha curcas on Some Biochemical Parameters in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Male Albino Rats.

Aims: The study evaluates the antidiabetic, and the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas on some biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats (Wistar strain). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for ten months in 2012 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Unit), School of Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria, and Department of Hematology and blood transfusion, APIN Clinic LUTH, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract were carried out to determine the presence of secondary metabolites present in the extract of Jatropha curcas. The animals were weighed using weighing balance, there blood sugar levels were assayed using Accu-chek Active Glucometer and blood glucose test strips. The hematological parameters were determined using BC-3200 Auto Hematology Analyzer, lipid profiles, total protein, total bilirubin and liver biomarker enzymes were assayed using Randox kits. Results: The phytochemical constituents of J. curcas extract indicate the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, saponins, flavonoids etc. The weight of diabetic untreated rats were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when compared to other groups. The animals treated with glibenclamide, 150 and 250mg/Kg body weight of J. curcas extract showed significant decrease (P<0.05) of blood sugar level compared to the untreated rats. The extract does possess hematopoietic activity and is not hematotoxic. J. curcas had hypolipidemic effect and can be used in the management of diabetes. The extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) total bilirubin and liver biomarker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP). Conclusion: The results show that the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas can be used in the management of diabetes.

Benefits of early glycemic control by insulin on sensory neuropathy and cataract in diabetic rats.

While there is an emphasis on the early glycemic control for its long-term benefits in preventing microvascular complications of diabetes, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the long-lasting effects are not clearly understood. Therefore the impact of early insulin (EI) versus late insulin (LI) treatment on diabetic sensory neuropathy and cataract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar male rats were evaluated. EI group received insulin (2.5 IU/animal, once daily) treatment from day 1 to 90 while LI group received insulin from day 60 to 90. Early insulin treatment significantly reduced the biochemical markers like glucose, triglyceride, glycated hemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced glycation end products and ratio of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in diabetic rats. The late insulin treatment failed to resist the biochemical changes in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats developed sensory neuropathy as evidenced by mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and showed a higher incidence and severity of cataract as revealed by slit lamp examination. Early insulin treatment protected the rats from the development of neuropathy and cataract, but late insulin administration failed to do so. The results demonstrate the benefits of early glycemic control in preventing neuropathy and cataract development in diabetic rats.

Effect of 50% hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracanthus patulus [Jacq.] on lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats

The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of 50% hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. and Dipteracanthus patulus [Jacq.] on lipid profile in alloxan induced diabetic rats. In lipid profile the parameters studied were serum total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c level. Extracts were orally administered daily for 30 days at a dosage of 250 and 500 mg/kg bodyweight to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The levels of phospholipids, triglycerides, LDL-c and VLDL-c were significantly [P < 0.05] reduced. The HDL-c level was found to be increased in the treatment groups. Total cholesterol level was found to be significantly [P < 0.05] decreased at 500 mg/ kg bodyweight of both the plant extracts treated groups. The results further suggests that the effect of plant extract treated groups was found to be lower in reducing the lipid levels in serum when compared to the drug [Glibenclamide 600 micro g/kg body weight] treated group

Hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extracts of lupinus albus, medicago sativa [seeds] and their mixture on diabetic rats

The number of people suffering diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. A huge number of populations in the world are entirely dependent on traditional medications. This practice may be due to their safety, effectiveness, and availability as well as their fewer side effects when compared to the synthetic hypoglycemic agents. The present study was carried out to investigate and compare the activity of Lupinus albus [seeds], Medicago sativa [seeds] and the mixture of both plants seeds on some biochemical, hematological and histological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five male adult albino rats were divided into two groups: group 1: control group [five animals] and group 2: alloxan induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were further divided into four subgroups, five animals each. Subgroup1: diabetic untreated rats; subgroup 2: diabetic rates treated with aqueous extract of Lupinus albus seeds; subgroup 3: diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Medicago sativa seeds; and finally subgroup 4: diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of the mixture of Lupinus albus and Medicago sativa seeds. After thirty days of treatment all rats were sacrificed, blood sample were collected to estimate some biochemical and hematological parameters. Liver samples were collected to determine their glycogen content and pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation. In diabetic group, there was reduction in body weight's, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in some parameters of liver and kidney functions as well as significant changes in lipids profile and proteins level with significant decreased liver glycogen content. All treated groups restored most of the mentioned parameters to their normal values. Moreover, these treatments recorded partial improvement in the histopathological changes produced by alloxan. The aqueous extract of Lupinus albus or Medicago sativa [seeds] or by their mixture has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by increasing insulin level and decreasing insulin resistance. In addition, they ameliorate most complications of diabetes

Extract of adenanthera pavonina L. seed reduces development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the renal protective effect of Adenanthera pavonina [A. pavonina] seed aqueous extract [APSAE], in streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetic rats. The renal protective effect of A. pavonina seed aqueous extract [APSAE] was studied in STZ-induced diabetic rats. APSAE [50, 100 and 200 mg/kg per day] was given daily to diabetic rats for 13 weeks. Blood glucose, serum parameters such as albumin, creatinine, total protein, urea, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], and urine parameters such as urine protein and albumin were examined. Kidney histopathology was also done. After 13 weeks of treatment, in STZ-induced diabetic rats, severe hyperglycemia was developed, with marked increase in proteinuria and albuminuria. However, APSAE treatment significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, lipid levels, and HbA1c deposition in diabetic rats. These results suggested that APSAE has reduced development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and could have beneficial effect in reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetes-induced prefrontal nissl substance deficit and the effects of neem-bitter leaf extract treatment / Diabetes inducida por déficit prefrontal de sustancia de nissl y el efecto del tratamiento con extracto de hoja de neem amargo

Cognitive dysfunction is reportedly associated with poorly-managed diabetes mellitus. In this study, we report the effect of oral treatment with combined leaf extract (CLE) of neem and bitter leaf on the prefrontal cortex of diabetic Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized to one of the following groups: control, diabetic (STZ-induced), STZ + CLE, STZ + metformin and CLE only. At euthanasia, paraffin sections of the prefrontal cortex were stained with cresyl fast violet; while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assayed in prefrontal homogenates. Oral CLE produced normoglycemia in the treated hyperglycaemic rats. Besides, Nissl-stained prefrontal sections showed no morphologic deficits in all the groups except the untreated diabetic rats. In the latter, there was weak Nissl staining, while prefrontal MDA was significantly high at euthanasia, compared with the control and CLE-treated rats (P<0.05). This study showed that untreated diabetes mellitus is associated with prefrontal Nissl body deficit and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. The absence of these deficits in CLE-treated rats suggests a neuroprotective effect of the extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This may improve the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex in diabetes mellitus.

La disfunción cognitiva es presuntamente asociada con un mal manejo de la diabetes mellitus. En este estudio, se presenta el efecto del tratamiento oral combinado con extracto de hoja (CLE) de hoja de neem amarga sobre la corteza prefrontal de ratas Wistar con diabetes. Las ratas Wistar adultas fueron asignadas al azar a uno de los siguientes grupos: control, diabetes (STZ inducida), STZ + CLE, STZ + metformina y CLE. Después de la eutanasia, los cortes de parafina de la corteza prefrontal se tiñeron con violeta de cresil rápido, mientras que el malondialdehído (MDA) y la glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) fueron analizadas en homogenizados prefrontales. El CLE produce normoglucemia en las ratas hiperglucémicas tratadas. Además, las secciones prefrontales teñidas para Nissl no muestran ningún déficit morfológico en todos los grupos excepto en las ratas diabéticas sin tratamiento. En este último caso, hubo una tinción de Nissl débil, mientras que la MDA prefrontal fue significativamente más alta en comparación con los grupos de ratas control y las tratadas con CLE (p <0,05). Este estudio mostró que la diabetes mellitus no tratada se asocia con déficit prefrontal de cuerpos de Nissl y estrés oxidativo en ratas Wistar. La ausencia de estos déficits en las ratas tratadas CLE, sugiere un efecto neuroprotector del extracto en ratas diabéticas inducidas por estreptozotocina. Esto puede mejorar la función cognitiva de la corteza prefrontal en la diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of Porcine Pancreatic Islets Transplanted in the Kidney Capsules of Diabetic Mice Using a Clinically Approved Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) and a 1.5T MR Scanner

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate transplanted porcine pancreatic islets in the kidney capsules of diabetic mice using a clinically approved superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and a 1.5T MR scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various numbers of porcine pancreatic islets labeled with Resovist, a carboxydextran-coated SPIO, were transplanted into the kidney capsules of normal mice and imaged with a 3D FIESTA sequence using a 1.5T clinical MR scanner. Labeled (n = 3) and unlabeled (n = 2) islets were transplanted into the kidney capsules of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels and MR signal intensities were monitored for 30 days post-transplantation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in viability or insulin secretion between labeled and unlabeled islets. A strong correlation (r2 > 0.94) was evident between the number of transplanted islets and T2 relaxation times quantified by MRI. Transplantation with labeled or unlabeled islets helped restore normal sustained glucose levels in diabetic mice, and nephrectomies induced the recurrence of diabetes. The MR signal intensity of labeled pancreatic islets decreased by 80% over 30 days. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of SPIO-labeled porcine islets into the kidney capsule of diabetic mice allows to restore normal glucose levels, and these islets can be visualized and quantified using a 1.5T clinical MR scanner.

[Hypoglycemic effects of Achillea Wilhelmsii in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats]

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome, initially characterized by a loss of glucose homeostasis resulting from defects in Insulin secretion, insulin action both is resulting in impaired metabolism of glucose and other energy yielding fuels as lipids and protein. Several medicinal herbs have been described with hypoglycemic effects. These include: Allium Sativum, Trigonella Foenum, Marus nigra, Ocimum Sanctum, and Astragalus Ovinus. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats induced by stereptozotocine [STZ]. In this experimental research, forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: non-diabetic [normal] and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Each group was further divided into four groups: control [induced by normal saline] and treatment received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg for one month. The blood glucose level was measured and Data were analyzed by t- test and ANOVA. At the end of first month, significant decrease was observed in blood glucose level in diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg [p<0/001], 200 mg/kg [p<0/01], 300 mg/kg [p<0/001] of aqueous alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii c. Koch in comparison with control groups. The extract had not have any significant effects on the blood glucose level of normal groups except in those which received 300mg/kg of the extract. The results of this study showed that aqueous-alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch have a significant effect on reducing the blood glucose level of diabetic rats

Anti-diabetic potential of acorus calamus rhizome in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Acprus calamus [Araceae] rhizomes are widely recommended to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus in traditional system of medicine in India and other Asian countries. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of the plant rhizome was evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with an objective to delineate its possible mechanism of action. After the oral administration of dichloromethane [DCM] or aqueous fraction of methanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizome at the doses of 1.5 mg/kg [b.w.], blood glucose levels were monitored at specific time intervals. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug. The results indicated that both the fractions demonstrate significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities conferring its folkioric use

Effect of Opuntia ficus - indica L. fruit on blood glucose level in streptozocin induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder. Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are the basis of diabetes therapy. Nevertheless they have important side effects and are not always satisfactory in maintaining euglycemia and avoiding late stage diabetic complications. With a disturbing rise in the prevalence of diabetes and associated healthcare costs, interest in anti-diabetic plants has grown. The effects of the Opuntia ficus-indica L. fruit on the fasting blood glucose levels and body weights of the non-diabetic and Streptozocin induced diabetic rats were studied. Wistar male adult rats, seven in each group, were used. To make each rat diabetic, Streptozocin at the dose of 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally. Fasting blood glucose level [after fasting for 12 hours] of each rat was measured by using a glucometer through taking a blood drop following cutting the tip of the tail, before Streptozocin injection and after 1, 3, and 5 weeks of Streptozocin injection and at the same time the animals were weighed. The blood glucose levels and weights of non-diabetic rats were measured in the same way as diabetic rats. The criterion for being diabetic was fasting blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl one week after Streptozocin injection. The seeds and pulp of the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica L. each at the doses of 6 and 12 g/kg daily as a mixture with regular rat food in the form of pellets were administered to diabetic rats 1 week after Streptozocin injection for 4 weeks. Further, glibenclamide at the daily dose of 5 mg/kg mixed with regular food as pellets was administered to a separate group of diabetic rats for 4 weeks. The seeds and pulp of the fruit each at the daily doses of 12 g/kg mixed with regular rat food as pellets were also administered to non-diabetic rats for 4 weeks. One way analysis of variance demonstrated that seeds and pulp of the fruit did not have any significant effects on blood glucose levels and weights of diabetic as well as non-diabetic rats in comparison with control groups after 4 weeks of drug use [p>0.05]. Glibenclamide after 2 weeks of administration significantly lowered blood glucose level of diabetic rats [p<0.01] but increased their weight as compared with control diabetic rats [p<0.01].While after 3 and 5 weeks of Streptozocin injection, the weights of the control diabetic group decreased as compared to the control non-diabetic group [p<0.01]. Conclusion: The seeds and pulp of the Opuntia ficus - indica L. fruit in this study did not have any significant effects on the fasting blood glucose levels and body weights in not only Streptozocin induced diabetic rats but also non-diabetic rats

Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of opuntia dillenii haw fruit juice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Opuntia dillenii Haw fruit is used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible curative role of O. dillenii fruit juice using the streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetic rats. The nutritive value of the edible portion of the fruit was also assessed. The results showed that O. dillenii fruit is a rich source of fiber, carbohydrates, vitamins B[1], B[2] and C, in addition to the minerals, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn; Ca, and Mg. Biological results showed that intraperitoneal injection with STZ caused highly significant reduction in body weight gain%, highly significant elevation in blood glucose concentration accompanied by significant reduction in liver glycogen cotent as compared with control group. Diabetic rats also revealed significant elevation in lipid peroxide [MDA] level, highly significant elevation in total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerols [TAG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL-C] concurrent with highly significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] as compared with control group. Oral administration of O. dillenii juice had no effect on normal rats. Meanwhile, oral administration of O. dillenii juice to diabetic rats induced siginficant improvement in body weight gain% and lipid profile, it reduced significantly blood glucose and MDA levels as compared with non treated diabetic group. Histopathological investigation of the pancreatic tissue of STZ-diabetic rats represented the presence of necrosis, edema and congested blood vessels in the islets of Langerhans cells. O. dillenii fruit juice treatment overcome the previous changes, the majority of the cells tend to be normal.The improvement in the cells of Langerhans islets may explain the antidiabetic effect of the fruit juice under study/It also may improve the insulin receptors of beta-cells. It could be concluded that O. dillenii fruit juice had a potent hypoglycemic activity, this effect may be attributed to its antioxidant activity and its high content of chromium which was proved in this study. Therefore, it could be recommended that O. dillenii should be ingested as fresh fruit to diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients beside the usual therapy

Acute hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of continuous intravenous infusion of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva l. Schreber whole plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of a lyophilised aqueous extract of the whole plant Ajuga iva [L.] Schreber [Labiatae] [Al-extract] was investigated in anesthetized normal and streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetic rats. The Al-extract was administered to a group of rats by continuous intravenous infusion for 4 h at a dose of 4.2 microg/min/l00g body weight; another group was infused with taurine, the reference compound, at the same dose. In normal rats, Al-extract infusion had no effect on plasma glucose or triglycerides, but plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased [22%; P<0.05]. However, taurine infusion produced significant hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects [all changes, P<0.05]. In STZ-diabetic rats, Al-extract infusion reduced plasma levels of glucose by 24% [P<0.05], cholesterol by 35% [P<0.01] and triglycerides by 13% [P<0.05]. Infusion with taurine produced a greater fall in plasma glucose [72%, P<0.01], cholesterol [54%; P < 0.001] and triglyceride [24%; P < 0.001] levels. Our results indicate that intravenously administered Al-extract exerts hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats by mechanism [s] which appear to be similar to that of taurine, which involve insulin sensitization or an insulin-like effect. The identity and the exact mechanism [s] of action of the active component [s] of the Al-extract are not known. Ajuga iva appears to be a useful plant in the therapy of diabetes, a condition in which hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia coexist quite often

Efeitos do exercício físico agudo sobre a glicemia e lipidemia de ratos diabéticos tratados com metformina / Effects of the acute physical exercise on glycaemic and lipids levels in diabetic rats treated with metformin

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos do exercício físico agudo sobre a glicemia e lipidemia de ratos diabéticos tratados com metformina. Para a indução do diabetes tipo 1, os ratos foram mantidos em jejum por 24 horas com livre acesso a água. Após anestesia com éter, os ratos receberam injeção de aloxana em salina (32 mg/kg), através da veia peniana. Ratos Wistar machos adultos (130 dias) foram divididos em dois grupos, diabéticos tratados com metformina (DM) e diabéticos controle (DC). Os animais do grupo DM receberam doses de metformina em água (1,4 mg/ml) durante 15 dias. As amostras sangüíneas foram coletadas antes e imediatamente após uma sessão de natação (30 min) sem carga adicional. Os resultados revelaram que a metformina administrada (110 mg/kg/dia) por si ou combinada com o exercício físico agudo não promoveu alterações significativas nas concentrações de glicose, triglicérides e colesterol em ratos diabéticos experimentais. Outros estudos são necessários para testar diferentes doses de metformina com sessões regulares de exercício físico no diabetes tipo 1.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the acute physical exercise on the glycaemic and lipids levels in diabetic rats treated with metformin. For the induction of the type 1 diabetes, the rats were maintained in fasting for 24 hours with free access to water. After anesthesia with ether, the rats received an intravenous injection of alloxan (32 mg / kg b.w.). Adult (130 days) male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: diabetics metformin (DM) and diabetics control (DC). The animals of the group DM received metformin in water (1,4 mg / ml) for 15 days. The blood samples were collected before and immediately after a swimming session (30 min) without additional load. The results revealed that the metformin administered (110 mg / kg / day) by itself or combined with the acute physical exercise didn't promote significant alterations in glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in experimental diabetic rats. Other studies are necessary to test different metformin doses with regular sessions of physical exercise in type 1 diabetes.

Influence of Ceylon Cinnamon [cinnamomum zeyanicums] on Fasting Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Male Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

The objective of this study was to determine whether the extract of Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum Zeyanicums, improves fasting blood glucose [FBG], total cholesterol [TC], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-cholesterol], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-cholesterol] and triglyceride [TG] in addition to body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio [FER] in male Alloxan-diabetic rats. Cinnamon extract was administered at different dosages [200, 400, 600 and 1200 mg/kg body weight] for thirty days [first period, period I] followed by a fifteen day wash-out period [second period, period II]. After thirty days of cinnamon extract administration in the diabetic rat groups, the concentration of FBG, TC, LDL-cholesterol and TG were significantly [P < 0.05] decreased with the most in Group 3 [rats fed 200 mg cinnamon extract/kg body weight] compared with the diabetic control group [positive control]. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Ceylon cinnamon administration in diabetic rats were associated with significant increases in body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratios. Whereas, after the fifteen day wash-out period, the concentration of FBG, TC, LDL-cholesterol and TG gradually increased but were still lower than that in the diabetic control group [positive control]. The maintenance of lower blood glucose and lipid profiles, even when the diabetic rats were fed the cinnamon extract or during the wash-out period indicates a sustained effect of cinnamon extract which suggests that cinnamon extract has a regulatory role in blood glucose and lipid profile levels

Estudo comparativo entre cinco diferentes tratamentos sobre as alterações clínicas e laboratoriais do rato diabético induzido pela aloxana / Comparative study among five different treatments on the clinical and laboratory changes of the alloxan-induced diabetic rats

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo visa a analisar os efeitos, a longo prazo, de cinco diferentes tratamentos sobre o controle metabólico de ratos diabéticos aloxânicos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 7 grupos experimentais, com 50 ratos cada um, sendo: GN o grupo controle normal; GD o grupo controle diabético, sem tratamento; GI, GA e GIA os grupos tratados, respectivamente, com insulina, acarbose e associação insulina + acarbose; GTIL o grupo tratado com transplante de ilhotas de Langerhans; e o GTPD o grupo tratado com transplante pancreatoduodenal heterotópico. Parâmetros clínicos (peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar e diurese) e laboratoriais (glicemia, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática) foram avaliados em todos os animais, no início do experimento, e após 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de seguimento. RESULTADOS: A exceção do GN, mortalidade foi observada em todos os grupos experimentais no seguimento de 12 meses (GD= 50 por cento; GI= 20 por cento; GA= 26 por cento; GIA= 18 por cento; GTIL= 4 por cento; GTPD= 20 por cento). Em GD, GI, GA e GIA os óbitos ocorreram por distúrbios metabólicos ou hidroeletrolíticos e/ou pneumonia, diarréia e caquexia; em GTIL e GTPD todos os óbitos ocorreram por falhas técnicas no pós-operatório até 72h. Animais dos grupos GI, GA e GIA tiveram melhora significativa (p < 0,05) de todos os parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais observados em ratos diabéticos, sem diferença de efetividade entre os tratamentos. Porém, os resultados observados nestes grupos, biologicamente não foram comparáveis aos observados em GTIL e GTPD, onde observou-se correção completa, aos níveis normais, de todas as variáveis analisadas (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os tratamentos convencionais com insulina, acarbose e insulina + acarbose melhoraram o estado diabético grave dos ratos tratados, contudo, a eficácia dos tratamentos foi significativamente inferior à oferecida pelo GTIL e GTPD.